The idea that language is a combination of biological and experiential phenomenon is the premise behind the field of Phonology. Noam Chomski postulated this position in 19687 in his book "Language and Mind" (though he ridicules the notion that sounds have inherent meanings), but the idea can be traced back to Socrates2. What has been done in the preparation of this essay is the deciphering of the meanings of, at least, the letters that comprise the English language. With these meanings clarified, all of the "social fabric" becomes visible through the process of word analysis. After many years of practice, more difficult analyses can be attempted, including the analysis of the alphabet itself, as a continuous string containing six negatives. Once the directive nature of the alphabet is elucidated, its essence as the basis set for western economics becomes painfully lucid. Even the Marxian analysis of Capitalism falls short as it fails to recognize the cultural component in the realization of mercantile value. Though much credit can be granted Marx in his recognition of the effects of this idealistic valuation paradigm.
What is finally postulated in this essay is the notion that changing our valuation template into something recognized as sustainable today, would transform the maladaptive bias of capitalism into an adaptive bias. In other words, the rich would get richer making life healthier and more sustainable. This sounds like a severe case of delusion and it may be, but evidence is building up that supports this idea. There is already enough evidence to justify trying this idea out.
Included in this essay is a newly manufactured alphabetic order that integrates all of the adaptive ideals discussed in the other essays on this web-site along with the entirety of the ideal itself. In addition, this new alphabet, unlike many of the 4.0*1026 other possible ecologically informed orders, incorporates the lesson learned from the existing alphabet, the avoidance of the stubborn pursuit of idealism. Though ideals are not disvalued, they are placed in a more intellectual framework, and removed as the ultimate goal of a global civil form. Instead, the primary goal of this new socio-economic template is the directed valuation of functional systems, grounded in the diverse integration of wholeness. The direction of media will be converted to minimizing the diversification of authorities that establish value, which is the essence of lasting global peace. The alphabet obviously promises peace through the universalization of value, but undermines that very concept in the way that the values themselves are organized. Due to this, the various religions that taught the alphabet, in the interest of peace through the minimization of valuation differences, are responsible for promoting this new one. There is no other institution on the planet capable of accomplishing this task, and unless there is an international effort to establish these new values, the current state of affairs due to the maladaptivity of the alphabet will continue to worsen.
The concept of domesticating plants and animals that led to the capacity for large populations of humans to occur in small regions began around11000 years ago about 8500BCE1. The people who began this social form eventually invented a system of writing and government. Unfortunately their social form was inadequate to maintain the integrity of the Mediterranean ecosystem under the relentless pressure of 8000 years of invasion by outside forces jealous of their wealth.
Their writing system, known as Cuneiform, varied in size over time, but had up to 600 characters. The languages of the area had the same root, but varied from place to place. The linguistic commonality was sufficient to socially conduct the agricultural ethic, yet was locally distinct enough to address specific ecology and topography3.
The problem with the local diversification of language, without any universal linguistic structure is that there is no cultural unity. Modern historians view the Fertile Crescent, where Western cultures originated, as having struggled throughout its history in order to centralize authority. The invention of the Cuneiform is evidence of this struggle, at least at the economic level, as writing was essential to government and economy.
Most uses of written languages that preceded the alphabet were at the governmental level and used to keep records of transactions and taxes. The difficulty of learning the meanings or identity of these large numbers of pictographs was prohibitive or restricted to authoritative classes. Since the majority of peoples in this culture were agrarian, they had little time or incentive to learn to read or write, especially using an alphabet of around 600 characters. The knowledge of the Cuneiform helped the governmental hierarchy remain integrated and uniform, but governing the people themselves had to be through entreaty or force.
As Leonard Shlain pointed out, the more abstract the writing form became, the more misogynous the culture became. Although he attributes this to the practice of reading and writing, both are a reflection of overpopulation. As the organization became more sophisticated, as a consequence of improvements in the literacy form, population could expand into social and physical spaces where they had not previously ventured. As population itself became recognized as a burden, or drain on the local resources and liberties of the individual, the reproductive miracle inherent to women became abraded. As population expanded the need for greater order, law and improvements in the efficiency of literacy increased proportionally. Unfortunately, misogyny itself contributes to greater population pressure as women are subjugated to men and marriage, or domestic productivity, becomes an essential to the woman's existence. As Jared Diamond pointed out "invention is the mother of necessity" so as literacy organized the social form it induced the crisis of overpopulation rather than cure it. From this it can be construed that literacy as a tool is responsible for overpopulation and misogyny, but we are neglecting the essence of purpose and form. As an organizing tool, literacy may be capable of being adapted to the solution of crisis, but due to the success of its proponents, this aspect has never been explored.
As long as there was local leadership subordinated to the central Mesopotamian authority, a relatively harmonious society could be established. The problem was with subordinating local leadership to the central authority. Since the people of the Fertile Crescent were primarily agrarian, they were self sufficient, and unless there was an immediate threat, such as an invasion of barbarians, or a lack of rain, there was little incentive to cooperate with a central authority. The specifics of agrarian languages perpetuated the popularity of localism.
In addition to a lack of incentive for cooperation there also existed an antipathy towards export of crops, greatly restricting the potentials of both government and a market system. This antipathy is a consequence of agricultural wisdom that recognizes that plants originate from something in the soil, not simply from the soil itself. That something is readily perceived to persist in virtually all organic end products, which the agrarian would realize needed to be put back in the soil in order for crops to continue to grow. A form of one way crop export would go against the native value structure of the agrarian, so a value mitigating cultural strategy was essential for subordinating her.
When threats or crisis were absent from the routine of the agrarian, the social coordination at the civil level dissolved along with it. The alphabet was invented during this time period by Sinai Semites, unconnected with either Egyptian or Mesopotamian (Fertile Crescent) societies, self employed as Turquoise miners4. Their goal was probably to enhance communication with these people as well as the Greeks to facilitate their merchant business. The necessity for encouraging farmers to part with their precious crops in exchange for turquoise was a critical motivation of the miners.
The politics of these regions was undoubtedly something they were very familiar with as a matter of self-preservation. The logic of centralization through crisis had to have been a dominant theme also, though everyone missed the connection of communication as the common essence of the social form. The alphabet, based approximately upon Hieroglyphs, which were possibly influenced by cuneiform, was born in the logistical soup of insecure civil forms and the tensions between the agrarian and her nomadic neighbors.
The essence of crisis legitimizes the authority of patrimony. This is readily fathomable. What is postulated here is that if the alphabet, as a linguistic cultural template, is the actual coordinating structure of Western Civilization, there is no necessity for crisis in the maintenance of authority. Today, the idea of crisis has been drastically over utilized to the point of planetary ecosystem collapse, leading us to finally reconsider the true centralizing force of Western Civilization. Since all early successes at large scale social forms were the product of crisis, it is logical to assume that crisis is critical to the social matrix. What is missing is an answer to why centralization suddenly became so easy to perpetuate only after adoption of the alphabet, a communicative tool.
If specific sounds carry meaning, then we can also see that the meanings of phonemes restricted to a single alphabetic template both simplify the learning of the civil valuation hierarchy, and universalize these value relationships as a consequence of the simplicity of this system. If we can grasp the meanings of these sounds, we can begin to engineer adaptive new social and civil forms. The benefit of knowing what these meanings are has been the strength of my pursuit of this subject matter. This essay sketches the importance of the relationships behind the meanings of our alphabetic letters, the meanings of words, and the manifestation of the Western Civil form.
The crisis rhetoric of the alphabet is a byproduct of the difficulty of maintaining a central authority in a comparatively primitive, communicatively disparate realm, where the individual was self-sufficient. The condition of the modern world, where less than 3% of the population of the civilized world is still involved with agriculture, is very unlike that the alphabet arose out of. Crisis is still used today to bolster the concept of a centralized authority, yet the version of crisis is entirely different. In fact, most crises today are manufactured simply to validate authority. For instance many of the crises of today were all products of post WWII conspiring. The delineating of boundaries in the Middle east and other parts of the globe, the Cold war, the World Bank and IMF and even the UN which plays an insidious role in "policing" the globe (Iraq for instance).
Jacob Bronowski 10 makes a couple of good point when he claims: "Of course it is tempting to close one's eyes to history and instead to speculate about the roots of war in some possible animal instinct: as if, like a tiger, we still had to kill to live, or like the robin redbreast, to defend a nesting territory. But war, organized war, is not a human instinct. It is a highly planned and cooperative form of theft. And that form of theft began ten thousand years ago when the harvesters of wheat accumulated a surplus and the nomads rose out of the desert to rob them of what they themselves could not provide."
"The nomad in his last historic role as war-maker is still an anachronism, and worse, in a world that has discovered, in the last twelve thousand years, that civilization is made by settled people."
Even if the agrarian population numbers were to return, the same simplicity that enables people to learn to read and write today would still be effective in promoting the civil form independent of crisis. The reason for this is that the alphabet or any organization of the values or concepts inherent within our phonemes still serves to provide each of us with a common valuation paradigm. This commonality serves as a social bond. If we can reduce all of our differences with a single set of universal relations, we can coexist in a social state. The social state enabling authority based upon the integrity of these value relations.
The trick to maintaining the validity of these universal relations, however, requires that everyday observation within the individual's world not conflict to a critical degree with the value of participation in the civil form. It may be true that this day to day conflict can be exploited to legitimize central authority, but there are other rational means to maintain a central authority. The current global environmental and ecological crises predetermine the legitimacy of a central coordinating body. As most of these difficulties, and the potential of foreign species to continually disrupt local ecosystems will pester us for thousands of years more, we do not need to create any more crises through militarism and politicking.
If the civil template is able to evolve to adapt to changing relations between human society and the world around us, there is little threat to the civil form. The only potential threat is to centralization, which the modern scale of civil participation requires in order to configure uniform civil solutions as it uses uniformity to legitimize maladaptivity. There seems to be a very wide range of interpretations to any set of phonemes as large as the alphabet. This range dictates that some form of authority exist at least to make the selections in conflicting interpretations.
In both the environmental case and in the social case, there are still problems to solve as there have always been, which is why we are social animals in the first place. The legitimacy of central authority at the civil level is not dependent upon maintaining a constant state of crisis, instead, this rationality is encoded within the alphabet's logic as it was popular rationality at the time of the alphabet's inception. The civil form is the product of a universal valuation paradigm that is incorporated, consciously or not, into the communicative tool, the alphabet. Crisis is a stress phenomenon that inspires higher levels of social aggregation in us independent of communicative socialization.
The problem is that an alphabet is useful mainly for writing and written things are immutable with respect to time. With the alphabet a permanent fixture of the civil form, it can neither change nor adapt. As populations grow and observations become more astute, any flaws in the original become amplified, and the investigation into superior civil forms more popular. Unfortunately, no superior civil form will be capable of persisting any better than the early Mesopotamian cultures without a corresponding civil template. In fact, these civil forms will be even more critically dependent upon crisis as the legitimizing authority of their centralization since they have no popular support beyond the scope of crisis. In essence, this is why government, regulations and bureaucracy continue to expand as the civil form grows. Government is responsible for solving the crises of maladaptivity while maintaining their own popularity in the perpetuation of the alphabetic, maladaptive form that includes crisis.
To solve the global problem with ecosystemic incompatibility I have been constructing new alphabets, each one a little bit better than the last and each incorporating a superior strategy. Ecologically, the past 20 or so were superior to the alphabet. The last few addressed the issues of social structure, strategy and sustainability. The final constructions have been withstanding critical scrutiny for longer and longer periods of time. I tried to criticize the last one for 10 months before finally finding one minor flaw, which was fixed. This new order should be self-consistent and valid for years. The ideas incorporated into these templates come from the ideas and criticisms of hundreds of researchers and authors in the social sciences and the physical sciences.
Within the alphabet, the presence of errors in the civil template is a secondary source of crisis and serves to legitimize government. Our government was formed and adapted in a world of crisis. If there are flaws in a new civil template, we can fix them gradually, using government to moderate the civil behavior in the interim. It should be expected that our relationship with the physical world will change in other ways with a different civil template, so we will need to maintain some aspect of crisis mitigation in the central civil hierarchy under any conditions. Hierarchy here refers to the capacity to accumulate the social potential to undertake massive projects. The new alphabetic form I propose seeks to centralize understanding of all life on the planet, that leads to sustainability, a very big task.
Today in fact, government is necessary to moderate just about everything else. Fixing the civil template should help reduce the quantity of governmental bureaucracy, but will not totally eliminate it. Local languages and local ecology will require a moderating presence in order to integrate the commonality of the civil template to the local linguistic based culture. This, along with central organization of infrastructural projects may be the main new function of government. Crisis can be phased out as the legitimizing tool of accumulation authority. With regards to persistent subcultures grounded in exploitation, all forms of leadership will come under new criterion for scrutiny.
To test the hypothesis outlined in this paper requires people to stop using the alphabet for anything and start using the newest civil template, one engineered from both a social and a scientific perspective. It seems, though, that we make up our own minds to follow along with the civil template or go our own way. As I said, there is a critical point where observation must reinforce the validity of the socialized values. The practicality or universality of the civil template is its selling point. The function of government will be to remain as the keel in the ocean of change, and attempt to make rational decisions regarding the value of the various forms. Hopefully the government will learn to be more secure than to adopt another crisis-based model.
Here is my best till now (notice that I changed the names of the letters as well. It helps carry the logic.):
Ca Te Go Re Ya Ho Wa Le Ni Bo Su Po Mo Fe E I A U O Xi Qo Ke Ju Da Vi Ze
*Note*: The letter combination Xi has a tricky pronunciation; I pronounce it as the Greek Chi, which is what it was in the past. The letter names use the long pronunciation for the vowels.
Learning this new order can help change the world and, at least in the USA, you can't get in any trouble for it! Who will know? The manifestations of language are mostly subtle and difficult to pinpoint, even if you know what you're looking for. Besides, we have freedom of expression. Our problem in the first place is that our education system, unlike most others, is based upon learning by rote. More than any other country, we in the U.S. implement alphabetic civil logic in an unquestioning manner. If we do the same with a civil template a bit better adapted, we can fix the planet, perhaps faster than we wrecked it.
Memorizing a new alphabet will gradually change the civil form, but along the way a lot of institutional changes will happen. To avoid the inefficiency of trial by error, I have also created a few institutional names or words that aid in implementing the rationality of the new civil template. To change an institution gradually requires only that we change its name. The institution's popularity will be affected by how well it implements the rationality of its name. If the institution complies, it will transform into an equally potent or more potent civil organelle than it currently is. Otherwise it could be displaced by an institution more functional with regards to the civil template, assuming it can be changed.
Here are the institutions named to date, and what they replace:
Table of New Terms
| Cebogatur | A new economic system - Blue Economics |
| Catesran | A new name for the education system (optional) |
| Tegyrebush | Eco-agriculture, agriculture using communicative ecosystem logic. |
| Gyfertoc | Exchange value, the value of labor that implements the civil form. |
| Rejufinitell | Technologies that benefit living things. |
| Ybesipt | The valuation of biotic diversity. |
| Hecybref | A pervasive or guiding civil spirituality. |
| Nichepost | An international institution that regulates the legitimacy of civil forms. |
| Buwocevizr | A military institution charged with protecting biospheric potential. |
| Srewlect | A reasoning to ground, basing progress on principal. |
| Sfujerb | Transportation. |
| Fhonumic | A phonetic, or phonemic civil template. |
| Ferybec | Use value, the value of individual or local requirements. |
| Ebrogyfeq | The sublimation of population growth into civil strategies. |
| Iqusrec | The purported principal of democracy, without a crisis dependency. |
| Zemnuferol | An international institution of communicative sciences. |
| Relitan | Food |
| Syref | A celebration of human racial diversity. |
| Syrew | Birds, the closest competitor for our ecological niche. |
THEORY OF HOW IT WORKS
How the alphabet works to influence the form and direction of civilization is through economy. This is why it is important, today, to investigate values and ideology at this level. The exact mechanism involves the universalization of values and value relationships, which as indicated earlier, originally correlated well with extant values and ideology. Now, however, so much has changed with respect to the relationships between ourselves and our planet, that the alphabet's set of value relationships are dysfunctional and maladaptive.
The first argument to parley involves the classical understanding of value in the capitalist marketplace. According to Marx5, value is broken down into two types, exchange value and use value. There is obviously a bias, which on the surface is quite trivial, but underscores the capacity for differentiation and selection. The difference being whether something is considered socially useful and possesses an exchange or market value or if something is simply useful for life forms to persist, a use value.
Value itself, Marx emphasizes, is attributed to an object based upon the quantity of labor required to obtain and produce the item and the market value of that labor. This clearly eliminates any social valuation bias placed upon the commodity itself. By Marx's analysis, the value of an object can be none other than the socially realized labor that was spent upon its creation.
The key phrase is "socially realized value of the labor." There is another aspect to this equation. For the labor to have a value in the first place there must be a market for the commodity produced. The realization of value in the marketplace is the interest of the merchant, the class of society responsible for spreading the alphabet for the first 1500 years of its existence 6. If the commodity, service or mental product is alphabetically cogent, I contend, it will bring a higher value in the market place due to having a higher popularity and resultantly a higher demand. This is a consequence of human subconscious valuation of an entity being grounded in universally popular alphabetic value relationships. If a commodity is antithetical to the alphabetic ideal, it will have little or no demand or value. Ultimately alphabetic relations and idealism will prevail at the social level.
Proving this assertion can only truly be accomplished by experimentation, such as 1). Missionaries or Anthropologists teaching an engineered alphabet to a people unfamiliar with literacy. 2). Teaching such an alphabet to a relatively isolated literate community. A third option is disseminating it over the Internet to see if the few people that do embrace the concept can congeal into a functional global network or higher civil form at some point.
The benefit of attempting this experiment is global in scope, as the alphabetic economy is global in scope. The dominant social ideology has been in direct opposition to daily observation and rational understanding for a long time. Although steps are taken in the direction of change, they are token steps alone. As soon as social pressure (usually from a hard working minority group) is satisfied or defeated in an inhibitory way, the alphabetic civil form reasserts itself. In addition, the majority of people representing western civilization is inadequately equipped with hard data, higher levels of understanding or has the time and energy to be concerned at more than an idealistic level. This phenomenon results in popular lip service to the ideals of reality, but cynicism towards these ideals within the social infrastructure of civilization. Without adequate understanding of the issues, which requires an integrated basis set, the social cohesion and reification of adaptive values cannot occur.
. Instead, the governmental forum charged with throttling the economic engine of the alphabetic civil template, (whatever it is, capitalism, communism, socialism, Cebogatur, or mofeuquove) will be disvalued socially in proportion to the level of rational correction it attempts to enforce. The result is the elimination of any attempts to thwart the alphabetic ideal-economic valuation paradigm-civil template.
As we are witnessing now, multinational corporations, whether by plan or by "fate" or a combination of the two are dissolving governing authority and consolidating authority globally in economic forums such as the IMF and the Club of Rome. There is no conceivable way left to retard or prevent this ultimate result. The globalization of capital is only one of a series of steps in the complete implementation of the alphabet's 3800-year-old idealism.
WHAT IT ALL MEANS
In fact, the alphabet's phonemic transliteration correlates exactly with this maladaptive progression. As it is best that exact phonemic meanings not be disseminated, the alphabet's interpretation can only be paraphrased. The generalization of the analysis obliterates the complex interrelations that characterize any phonemic assemblage of this magnitude. The interpretation given is one simple component that reiterates what is being inferred by this essay.
The goal of the alphabet is: "Idealizing sustainability destroys the means that inhibit control over the fragmentation of centralization." There are four negatives in this confusing statement. To simplify it further, a mathematical sleight of hand can be used to cancel out the "destroys" with the "fragmentation" and the "inhibits" with the "control." We are left with: "Idealizing sustainability implements centralization."
Idealism has as its essence, perfection and singularity. If for instance, one was to attempt to create a perfect object and began by removing every flaw, imperfection or non-uniformity eventually all that would be left is a single atom, if that. The fact that all of the discarded atoms were equally valid as possessing an ideal structure, it becomes the opinion of the selector that predetermines the ultimate ideal. In any selection, the only direction of change is erosion. The main theme of the alphabet is idealism, as that is what the letter "A" represents. In the ancient Hebrew script the first letter, aleph, carried no sound of its own. In that form it truly symbolized what it manifests today.
If sustainability is idealized, we find such things as the monocropping of agriculture, silviculture and animal husbandry. There are even attempts to "perfect" the genetics of the various species to avoid diversity even further. In other fields there is zero inventory, minimization of labor force, and mechanization. We also see such results as species diversity elimination, racism, sexism, and ideological discrimination. In other words, the long-term vision is obliterated and the civil form becomes, sophistically, streamlined to survive only from moment to moment, neglecting the purpose of diversity as rendering adaptability to the long term as well as the material reality.
In order to live in such stressful conditions requires a highly centralized, regimented and militarized civil infrastructure. This becomes a necessity as forcing the idealization of their participation in the civil form erodes individual sustainability. Uniform taxation, product quality standards, product marketing and value realization all work against the diversification of adaptation, adaptation to local conditions or locally evolved biotic systems.
The two ends of the alphabet's civil directive work together to undermine biological existence. The idealization of sustainability enforces centralization through erosion of material reality and a creeping dependence upon the civil form to re-procure those materials from external sources, which at this time are impoverished as well. Maintaining the authority of the civil form forces the abandonment of long term sustainability. The result is a great mechanism for centralizing authority, but a hideously maladaptive means for surviving as biotic entities on a material planet. The final cancellation of terms in the alphabetic dictate is the cancellation of idealism with hierarchical authority, ultimately obliterating civilization and fostering in anarchy, which the planet can no longer sustain.
The alternative alphabetic order, proposed here, if there is any validity to these arguments, should function to update the civil form. The benefit is that the economy itself, instead of destroying the integrity of life on earth, will profit from enhancing it. This is way beyond anti-punitive diatribe.
The main components of the new alphabet (again if it is valid) serve to 1). Increase the value of diversity as an adaptive tool. 2). Convert the "destruction of feminine socialization" into " motivation of feminine socialization." 3). Regulate innovation of hierarchical ideas (minimize feudalism). 4). Create a market value for sustainability over that of accumulation.
Some mention of the second point is in order. In societies where a high mortality rate exists, it is imperative for women to produce babies to perpetuate the species. Discouraging their attention in alternatives to these chores become cultural values. In the modern world, we have enough, or more than enough people, and producing babies is not a woman's highest purpose. To control population growth is simple, just give women a positive incentive to have careers. This value is conducted in the new alphabet as "motivating feminine socialization." Socialization is the essence of the economic process. Money is the essence of motivation. I doubt that humans will become extinct if women prefer social jobs to baby making. In fact, I suspect the opposite is more of a truth today.
This is as much as I can say. Memorize the new alphabetic order, or is it "categorical" order? Use it everywhere you can and get your friends in on it too. Maybe even get Mr. Gates to "fix" the SORT function in your directory. It may or may not work, but what can it hurt to try? If the idea is invalid, it can't hurt anything. If it is valid, it will fix the economy and the planet's ecologistics.
The people most likely to benefit from this ideal are the intermediately literate, those who can read and write but do not pursue in depth research on a regular basis. People entirely illiterate are usually sustainable, but may find the new alphabetic form more appealing than the old one. People who do pursue investigation into the disparity between intuition (alphabetism) and reality tend to eventually either collapse intellectually in resignation, or succeed in supporting alternatives to the existing ideals. These individuals lose their social valuation as a consequence of their alphabetic discord and become impoverished or at least marginalized. Learning a new alphabet allows the average person to remain within the security of the old alphabet while biasing change in favor of the new and superior one. Having this second social template in common with a large number of "invisible" individuals conducts the rationality through social channels that are inaccessible to individuals or organizations acting alone. The best thing a person can do is teach both alphabets to their children, allowing them to grow up with a physically real hope.
END NOTES:
0 Thomas Berg, "The Phoneme Through a Psycholinguist's Looking-Glass," Theoretical Linguistics Vol.19 (1993) no.1.
1Jared Diamond, "Guns Germs and Steel, The Fates of Human Societies," W.W. Norton and Company, New York, 1997, pp. 86, 98.
2Anna Wierzbicka, "Lingua Mentalis, The Semantics of Natural Language", Academic Press, 1980, pp1-37.
3Edward Sapir, "The Status of Linguistics as a Science," Language, 5:207-214, 1929. Reprinted in: David G. Mandelbaum ed. Culture, Language and Personality (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964).
4Jared Diamond, "Guns Germs and Steel, The Fates of Human Societies," W.W. Norton and Company, New York, 1997, pp. 215-238.
5Karl Marx, "Capital, vol.1, A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production," Edited by Frederick Engels, International Publishers, New York, 1967.
6Encyclopedia Britannica, 1997.
7Noam Chomski, "Language and Mind," New York, Harcourt, Brace and World, 1968.
8David Abram, "The Spell of the Sensuous, Language and Perception in a More Than Human World", Pantheon Books, New York, 1996.
9Leonard Shlain, "The Alphabet vs. The Goddess", 1998.
10Jacob Bronowski "The Ascent of Man", Little Brown and Company, Boston, 1973, pp. 86-88.